<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">OMAN</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> Sultanat ΓÇÿUman (Sultanate of Oman)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, Arab League, GCC</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">306000 km2 (118150 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">1700000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Muscat 380000 (city 85000; 1990 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Arabic (official)</span><span class="style42">Religion: </span><span class="style13">Ibadi Islam (75%), Sunni Islam (25%)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">Oman is a monarchy ruled by a Sultan who appoints a Cabinet. He also chooses two of the four members elected from each of the 40 provinces to form an 80-member Majlis (an embryonic legislature). There are no political parties.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">A barren range of hills rises sharply behind a narrow coastal plain and reaches 3170 m (10400 ft) at Jabal ash Sham. Desert extends inland into the RubΓÇÖ al Khali (ΓÇÿThe Empty QuarterΓÇÖ). A small detached portion of Oman lies north of the United Arab Emirates. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Oman is very hot in the summer, but milder in winter and the mountains. The state is extremely arid with an average annual rainfall of 50 to 100 mm (2ΓÇô4 in).</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Oman depends almost entirely upon exports of petroleum and natural gas. Owing to aridity, less than 1% of Oman is cultivated. The oil industry and much of the stateΓÇÖs modern commercial infrastructure depends upon foreign workers. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Omani rial.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">Persia ruled Oman from the 4th century ad until Muslim armies invaded bringing Islam in the 7th century. The areaΓÇÖs flourishing trade with the east attracted the Portuguese (1507), who founded Muscat and occupied the coast until 1650. Ahmad ibn SaΓÇÖid, who became Imam in 1749, founded the present dynasty. His successors built an empire including the Kenyan coast and Zanzibar, but in 1861 Zanzibar and Oman separated. A British presence was established in the 19th century and Oman did not regain complete independence until 1951. Sultan Qaboos ΓÇô who came to power in a palace coup in 1970 ΓÇô has modernized and developed Oman. In the 1970s South Yemen supported left-wing separatist guerrillas in the southern province of Dhofar, but the revolt was suppressed with military assistance from the UK.</span></text>